Literature Review Format Essay

This big money details the steps necessary to produce a literary plant life limited freshen up that may be take for work in various disciplines, including English, history and psychology. This packet is non intended to replace instructor guidelines and should not be utilise in that manner. The packets intended use is as a tack on to classroom instruction on assembling a literary works reexamination. Therefore, it contains only general information that must be tailored to fit specific guidelines as required by your discipline and by your instructor.This packet is subdivided into six sections I. General Information States what a books recap is and what purpose it serves. II. Process Gives step-by-step instructions on how to get started on your publications review. III. placement Explains the deuce most common ways of organisation information in a literature review. IV. change Provides descriptions for deuce of the most common formats apply in a literature review, the item to item comparison and contrast ( coif A) and the criteria to criteria comparison and contrast (Format B). V.Checklist Allows appraisal of your effected literature review to assure that it follows all necessary guidelines. VI. Resources Lists facilitative resources used to compile this packet so that you may obtain further information. General Information Definition Literature reviews corporation have two roles In their first role, they function as a stand-alone idea. At other ages they go away actually be separate of a larger query thesis. In this handout, literature reviews provide be referred to in the stand-alone sense. As a stand-alone report, literature reviews atomic depend 18 multi-layered and ar more white-tie and detailed than book reviews.As the germ of a literature review, you must become familiar with a large tot up of search on a specific subject orbit. You will then develop your declare thesis about the topic related to this seek. Aft er this, you will classify and critically analyze seek on the topic by making a comparison between several different studies and by emphasizing how these studies and their comparison relate to your own thesis. In effect, a literature review is a paper that compiles, outlines and evaluates precedently established research and relates it to your own thesis. It provides a context for readers as if they electronic mail at jitneyuhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 were researching the topic on their own. Just from reading your paper, readers should be able to gain insight into the amount and quality of research on the topic. Your thesis and the literature reviewed serve several important functions within the paper Your thesis creates a foundation for the literature review because it helps narrow the topic by providing a sense of direction however, you will have to conduct or so initial research and reading before deciding on an appropriate thesis.Your personal thesis m ay be a statement addressing some of the spare-time activity situations why your research needs to be carried out, how you came to choose certain methodologies or theories to work with, how your work adds to the research already carried out (Brightwell, G. and Shaw, J. , 1997-98), or it may present some other logical perspective. Reviewed literature is make in a logical manner that best suits the topic of the review and the hypothesis of the literature (see Organization and Format).The selected method of face and style of format should draw attention to comparableities and distinctions among the reviewed literature these similarities and differences are based on specific criteria you revealed in the literature reviews mental home. According to Brightwell and Shaw (1997-98), your goal in the dead frame of the review . . . should be to evaluate and show races between the work already done (Is Researcher Ys theory more convincing than Researcher Xs? Did Researcher X build on t he work of Researcher Y?) and between this work and your own thesis. Additional information on these topics can be found in the Organization and Format sections of this packet. Therefore, carefully planned brass is an essential part of any literature review. Purpose Although literature reviews may vary consort to discipline, their overall goal is similar. A literature review serves as a compilation of the most significant sources on a subject and relates the findings of apiece of these sources in a rational manner while supporting the literature review authors own thesis.A literature review establishes which sources are most pertinent to its authors point and which sources are most credible to the discipline at hand. In a literature review, the results of previous research are summarized, unionized and evaluated. Discipline-Specificity A literature reviews arranging, format, level of detail and reference style may vary according to discipline because different disciplines ha ve different audiences. Examples here restore to the immanent sciences, social sciences and humanities. Natural and social sciences The author of a literature review in the natural or social sciences must pay close attention to measurements, study populations and technical aspects of experimental findings. Typically, a portion of the natural or social sciences literature review is set aside for reviewing sources on the primary feather topic. Then, a comparative analysis or discussion section is used to analyze the similarities and differences among the sources, tying them in with the literature review authors original thesis. Humanities The author of a literature review in the humanities usually does not set aside a special section for reviewing the sources instead, citations may be found randomly throughout the paper. The literature beingness reviewed is arranged according to paragraphs based on the authors points, which in turn, support the authors thesis. The paper itself may not be called a literature review at all. It is more likely to be called a critical analysis. echo that the best bet for determining what type of literature review is appropriate for your course is checking with the instructor anterior to beginning research.Email at tutoruhv.edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 REVIEW 1. What is the purpose of a literature review? What is the connection between the authors thesis and the literature being reviewed? 2. What discipline will your literature review be classified in?Process 1. Find several articles that deal with your research topic. sometimes it is helpful to review the bibliography of one of the first scholarly sources that you encounter and compare it to the bibliographies of other sources on the topic. If the identical source is listed within several of these bibliographies, it is probably a fundamental, credible source that will aid you in your review.2. Before you begin reviewing literature, realize that you are looking to accomplish two things A. Defining your research hassle/thesis (examples finding a flaw in research, continuing previous research, etc . . . ) B. Reading and evaluating significant works that are relevant to your research enigma. You will be conducting Steps A and B simultaneously because the two form a circular pattern. As you read related sources (Step B), you define your problem, and as you define your problem (Step A) you will more easily be able to decide what material is relevant enough to be worthy of reading (Step B). 3.Once you begin reviewing, make an entry with complete bibliographical information and comments for all(prenominal) work that you are going to include in the review. 4. Compare the articles by evaluating the similarities and differences among them. This will be the initial stage in the formulation of your thesis.5. Form a thesis that is clearly written and can be logically supported by the literature you will include in your review. 6. View the articles b riefly over again and jot down any notes that seem to relate to your thesis. 7. Decide which organizational pattern and format are best for the topic of your review.8. Construct an appropriate outline for the literature review. 9. spell out an introduction that acquaints the topic, reveals your thesis statement, and arranges get wind issues. 10. Organize and write the body of your paper according to the appropriate format local or chronological. 11. Write a conclusion that reconciles similarities and differences on the topic and reemphasizes the criteria used to arrive at this conclusion. 12. Complete the final muster in of the literature review. Email at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 13.Check over the final draft for grammar and punctuation errors. 14. Use the checklist provided here to make sure that all parts of the literature review are communicate and focused. Establishing a Critical Response for a Literature Review You may find this section hel pful at Steps 3, 4 and 5 of the lick. When reviewing your sources, explore the following areas to help develop your critical result What is the purpose of the research or work? What research or literary methods are used? How do the major concepts operate? In a research study, how accurate are the measurements?In a literary work, is the authors position objective or biased? What are the different interpretations of the results of the study or of the literary work itself? REVIEW 1. What do you consider to be the most crucial step(s) in the process of your literature review? Why? Justify your response(s). Organization A literature review can be arranged either topically or chronologically. Topical organization occurs in reviews where previous research being evaluated is divided into segments with each one representing a part of some larger issue.In a topical review, the author begins by describing the characteristics of research shared by several studies and then moves on to analyze their similarities and differences. For more information, see the example below. Example The organization of a literature review begins in the introduction. For example, in the introduction of a literature review about the effect of seating establishments on peer tutoring communication, you would first introduce the topic and what your literature review will attempt to assess written material centers can set the postpone for collaborative tutoring sessions through a careful consideration of spatial arrangement .. . Then state what tiptoe is going to be explored These studies will be used to support the authors claims that spatial arrangement is instrumental in encouraging collaborative environments in the constitution center Then, arrange key issues that will be addressed in this review by answering questions that you have personally positive and are tailored to fit your topic. In the introduction, give the audience a clear picture of how you will organize your paper Email at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129.(361) 570-4288 In the following, I1 first review some relevant research concerning spatial arrangement and then discuss some recommended and alternate seating arrangements to encourage a collaborative environment in the authorship center. Finally, I include some other considerations. In the body of this literature review, you would organize the information topically a dishonor each point (or question) that you asked yourself -Research Review -Recommended Spatial organization -Alternative Spatial Arrangement -Other Considerations.Then, write a conclusion that explains the significance of your findings While the seating arrangements outlined to a higher place are generally a good setting for peer tutoring sessions, we should remember that each tutoring session is unique. not all students will be comfortable with a side-by-side spatial arrangement at a round table.Tutors should be perceptive of and receptive to students who may have other spat ial needs Chronological organization occurs when a review is nonionic in time order and is most often used when a historical context is needed for discussing a topic from its beginning to its current state chronological organization isespecially helpful when discussing inactive periods and shifts in perspective on a given topic.Example The organization of a literature review begins in the introduction. For example, in the introduction of a literature review authorize Development of Social Science Research on Attitudes Towards gender in America, you would first introduce the topic and what your review hopes to assess This literature review will assess the development of research designed to release gender attitudes in America during the latter part of the 20th CenturyThen state what burden is going to be explored .. As research progressed throughout the 20th century, the methods that social scientists use for measuring these attitudes developed and changed as well Then, chronolo gically arrange issues that will be addressed in this review Gender stereotypes still exist today, and varying attitudes can be traced over the onetime(prenominal) fifty years. reexamine instruments used to gather data on these varying attitudes have similarly changed drastically over the course of time.In the body of this literature review, you would organize the information chronologically, adressing each point (or question) that is being asked for a particular time period -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1950s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1960s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1970s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1980s -Stereotypes and Survey Instruments of the 1990s -Current Advancements Always clear the use of I with your instructor.An alternative to this would be the use of third person wording, such as This paper reviews some relevant research concerning spatial arrangement and then discusses some recommended and alternate seat ing arrangements to encourage a collaborative environment in the writing center. 1 Email at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 Then, write a conclusion that explains the significance of your findings Although the survey instruments used in the 1950s and 1960s developed an obvious bias when surveying Americans regarding gender attitudes, the 1970s brought about outstanding change.Today social scientists are more careful than ever about testing the quality of a survey instrument before using it on the general public. Format There are also two suggested formats for composing your literature review. Format A is used when comparing several studies that have similar hypothesis but different findings. Each piece of research is summarized individually. Format A is good for reviews with a small number of entries however, this format may confuse the audience when used with a large number of reviews because descriptions of so many studies may get in the way of the analysi s.Keep in mind that each piece of research usually will not receive equal attention in the review. Format A Outline I. Introduction consists of four parts that are usually discussed in one paragraph. a. come in the general topic being discussed. b. Mention trends published about the topic. c. State thesis establishing the reason for writing the literature review. d. Explain criteria by giving a description of each of the criteria used in evaluating the literature review and rationalizing its organization II. Literature reviewed section is divided up according to study. a. First study is summarized and discussed. b. stake study is summarized and discussed. c. Third study is summarized and discussed. III. Comparative analysis acknowledges the similarities and differences between studies. a. Similarities (if any) among the studies are evaluated and discussed. b. Differences (if any) among the studies are evaluated and discussed. IV. Conclusion/ heavyset effectively wraps up the review . a. Summarize points of comparison or contrast among the works based on percentage III of your review. b. Provide insight of relationship between the topic of the review and a larger area of study such as a specific discipline or profession Format B.organizes the literature review according to similarities and differences among research rather than by literature studied. In a review organized according to Format B, little background information on the literature being reviewed is given outright. Instead, it is worked into the body paragraphs of the sections on similarities and differences. The conclusion then uses these two sections (similarities and differences) to tie in points of comparison and contrast between the works. Format B better suits papers that are topically organized.Format B is outlined below. Email at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 Format B Outline I. Introduction consists of four parts usually discussed in one paragraph. a. Identify the ge neral topic being discussed. b. Mention trends published about the topic. c. State thesis establishing the reason for writing the literature review. d. Explain criteria by giving a description of each of the criteria used in evaluating the literature review and rationalizing its organization II. Similiarities within the research are discussed. a.First similarity among research is discussed. b. Second similarity among research is discussed. c. Third similiarity among research is discussed. III. Differences in the research are discussed. a. First difference between research is discussed b. Second difference between research is discussed c. Third difference between research is discussed IV. Conclusion/Summary a. Summarize points of comparison or contrast between the works. b. Provide insight into relationship between the topic of the literature and a larger area of study such as a specific discipline or profession.The most important thing to remember when organizing a literature review is that it is not a list summarizing one work after another. The review should be organized into sections according to theme that are set apart by subject-related headings. REVIEW 1. Which format have you chosen for your literature review? Why? A Literature Review Checklist Did I . . . . . . ? ? Establish a valid thesis based on the examined research ? State this thesis clearly in my introduction ? Define unknown terms ? Incorporate background information to define the problem ?Begin each entry in the review with a complete bibliographical reference ? List and describe the hypothesis/thesis in each work reviewed Email at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288 ? Describe the outcome of the work or the research ? Develop and incorporate my own comments, including response to the research, similarities and differences among literature reviewed, and reservations regarding authors methods or conclusions ? subjugate overquoting ? Check for grammar and punctuation errors ? Correctly cite all references in uniform documentation style Resources Brightwell, G.and Shaw, J. (1997-98). report up research. Retrieved August 20, 2002 from Languages and Educational Development at the Asian Institute of Technologys nett page at http//www. languages. ait. ac. th/EL21OPEN. HTM Central Queensland University Library. (2000). The literature review. Retrieved July 22, 2003 from http//www. library. cqu. edu. au/litreviewpages/ Cuba, L. (2002). A short guide to writing about social science. New York Addison-Wesley Publishers. Leibensperger, S. (2003). Setting the table Encouraging collaborative environments with spatial arrangement in the writing center.Unpublished literature review. Northern Arizona University. (1999). Electronic textbook A blast from the past Your literature review. Retrieved May 30, 2002 from http//jan. ucc. nau. edu/mid/edr720/class/literature/blast/reading21-1. html Taylor, D. , & Procter, M. (2001). The literature review A few tips on conduc ting it. Retrieved June 17, 2002 from http//www. utoronto. ca/writing/litrev. html Trinder, L. (2002). Appendix. The literature review. Retrieved August 27, 2003 http//www. uea. ac. uk/w071/teaching/ppf/Appendix%20Lit%20Review.pdf The University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center. (2001). Academic writing Reviews of literature. Retrieved May 30, 2002 from http//www. wisc. edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature. html *In traditional APA style, this section would be entitled References and would be listed on a separate page double-spaced. Due to space constraints in this packet, it has been formatted differently. secure 2003 by the Academic Center and the University of Houston-Victoria. Created 2003 by Candice Chovanec-Melzow. Email at tutoruhv. edu University West, room 129 (361) 570-4288.